Предупреждение и наказание преступлений против человечности: проблемы разработки международной конвенции (обзор работы комиссии международного права ООН)
Аннотация
В настоящей статье рассматриваются важнейшие проблемы деятельности Комиссии международного права ООН (КМП) в связи с разработкой проекта новой Конвенции о предупреждении и наказании преступлений против человечности. Эффективный международный ответ на совершение преступлений против человечности является одной из главных целей международного сообщества в целом. Как это предусмотрено в Римском статуте Международного уголовного суда, подобный тип ключевых преступлений не должен оставаться безнаказанным и их действенное преследование должно быть обеспечено как мерами, принимаемыми на национальном уровне, так и активизацией международного сотрудничества. В достижении данной задачи существенную роль может сыграть принятие Конвенции о предупреждении и наказании преступлений против человечности, которая может распространить принцип верховенства права в отношении преступлений против человечности за пределы норм Римского статута. Как известно, в настоящее время Международный уголовный суд осуществляет юрисдикцию в отношении таких категорий международных преступлений, как геноцид, военные преступления, агрессия и преступления против человечности. Первые два преступления были кодифицированы соответственно путем принятия специализированных конвенций в 1948 и 1949 гг. вскоре после окончания Второй мировой войны. В отличие от геноцида и военных преступлений нормы о преступлениях против человечности формировались посредством эволюции международного обычного права. Однако то обстоятельство, что начиная с 1919 г. не была принята конвенция о преступлениях против человечности, является свидетельством серьезного пробела в современном международном праве. Лишь в 2013 г. на 65-й сессии Комиссия международного права ООН постановила включить тему «Преступления против человечности» в свою долговременную программу работы. Затем на 66-й сессии в 2014 г. Комиссия постановила включить эту тему в свою текущую программу работы и назначить специального докладчика. Разработка и принятие специализированной конвенции, касающейся одного из ключевых преступлений, имеют два важнейших аспекта: первый — материальноправовая кодификация преступлений против человечности; второй — определение специфических мер по предупреждению и наказанию преступлений против человечности.
Ключевые слова:
преступления против человечности, геноцид, военные преступления, Международный уголовный суд, универсальная юрисдикция, экстрадиция, Проект кодекса преступлений против мира и безопасности человечества
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2016-12-01
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Сафаров , Н. А., & Сафаров , Ф. Н. (2016). Предупреждение и наказание преступлений против человечности: проблемы разработки международной конвенции (обзор работы комиссии международного права ООН). Правоведение, 60(6), 94–133. извлечено от https://pravovedenie.spbu.ru/article/view/7030
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