Гнев разума и благодать чувств: обосновывая эмоции в праве
Аннотация
Почему от правосудия требуется быть равнодушным к пристрастиям? Традиционная модель юриспруденции предлагает ответы в двух направлениях: (1) в рамках правосудия речь идет о формальной рациональности, и осуществление правосудия является, по сути, процессом аргументации, в то время как эмоции — иррациональные чувства; таким образом, правосудие является слепым к пристрастиям; (2) правосудие должно быть предсказуемым, чтобы соответствовать верховенству права, и судьи должны стремиться к беспристрастности, в то время как пристрастия затмевают судебное решение и способствуют пристрастности и предвзятости; следовательно, правосудие должно быть равнодушным к пристрастиям, чтобы не превратиться в свою противоположность. Прогрессивная современная юриспруденция также предусматривает два основных направления критики указанных требований: (3) отрицание того (а), что право страдает от неопределенности, а судьи — от предубеждений; (4) отрицание того (б), что беспристрастность требует практического разума, а не сочувствия, чтобы смягчать строгий закон. Эти позиции основываются на конкретных, но часто необоснованных оценках эмоций. В то время как (1), (2) и (3) зиждутся на иррационалистическом подходе к эмоциям, (4) вытекает из когнитивистского подхода к ним. Оба указанных подхода являются проблематичными. Автор статьи пытается пролить свет на глубинное значение эмоций и освещает некоторые их проблемные аспекты. Какой бы взгляд на соотношение права и эмоций вы ни поддерживали, следует признать, что правоведам сегодня нужно глубже понять значение эмоций в праве.
Ключевые слова:
эмоции, разум, право, правосудие, судья, страсти, когнитивистский подход, иррационалистский подход
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Опубликован
2016-03-01
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Миндус, П. . (2016). Гнев разума и благодать чувств: обосновывая эмоции в праве. Правоведение, 60(2), 6–47. извлечено от https://pravovedenie.spbu.ru/article/view/6850
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