О закономерностях генезиса и развития антрополого-правового знания

Сергей Артурович Калинин

Авторы

Сергей Артурович Калинин Белорусский государственный университет https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8582-9990

Аннотация

Статья посвящена общим закономерностям генезиса антрополого-правового знания. Изначальная сложность и универсальность сущности человека порождает наличие различающихся по уровню и степени охвата реальности предметно-методологических феноменов. Предлагается учитывать следующие уровни и срезы антропологического: содержательный и инструментальный; мировоззренческий, биологический и социальный, которые объединяются в категории «антропология». Антропология одновременно может рассматриваться основой познания объективной реальности либо выступать целью и объектом познания, а будучи формой мировоззрения, способна обладать методологическим статусом исследовательской программы. При этом антропологическое знание, даже без обращения к мировоззренческому уровню, всегда имманентно его учитывает. Многозначность антропологии порождает неопределенность статуса антрополого-правовых дисциплин, преодолеваемую при учете логики смены научных парадигм. Антрополого-правовое знание одновременно проявляется в форме отдельной науки, части науки, междисциплинарного направления, в рамках которых выделяется теоретический и эмпирический уровни. В антрополого-правовом знании целесообразно выделять методологическое и предметное направления. В первом случае осмысливается методологический статус антропологических исследований и порождаемых ими предметных сфер, во втором — рассматривается конкретная предметная сфера и формирующие ее методы. Предлагается использовать в качестве обобщающих категорий понятия «антропологические (антрополого-правовые) знания», описывающие комплекс предметных феноменов, и «антропологические (антрополого-правовые) исследования», характеризующие комплекс методологических феноменов. В качестве основных закономерностей развития антрополого-правового знания выделяются динамика включения и исключения проблематики человека в предмет и методологию познания, а также постоянное расширение предмета исследования с выходом на предельные методологические обобщения. Выделенные закономерности преломляются в аспекте развития антрополого-правовых знаний в социальном, биологическом и философском (мировоззренческом) направлениях.

Ключевые слова:

антропология, антропологическое знание, антрополого-правовое знание, антропологическое измерение юриспруденции, антропологическое направление мировоззренческой исследовательской программы в юриспруденции, антропология права, антропологическая парадигма, антропологический подход в юриспруденции, методология юридической науки, мировоззренческая исследовательская программа в юриспруденции

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Биография автора

Сергей Артурович Калинин , Белорусский государственный университет

кандидат юридических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой теории и истории государства и права юридического факультета

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