Психологическая теория права Л. Петражицкого в свете коммуникативного подхода

Andrey V. Polyakov

Authors

Andrey V. Polyakov St. Petersburg State University

Abstract

This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of Leo Petraźycki’s psychological theory of law. The scientist founded the Petersburg school of philosophy of law which was presented by such outstanding scientists as P. Sorokin, G. Gurvich, N. Timashev et al. They developed the ideas of the psychological theory of law in the phenomenological and sociological direction. Petraźycki managed to identify and justify the necessary connection between the law and a human personality. The law in such a post-classical perspective is presented not as a reality external to a person and independent on him, but rather as a “humanized” reality. The law is created (constructed) and perceived by a person because of the specific capabilities of the human mind. The scientist was convinced that only a psychic reality understood as a reality of imperative and attributive emotions (feelings) matches with the law. The paper argues the inadequacy of such understanding. At the same time, the idea of Petraźycki about the imperative and attributive nature of the law directly leads to the idea of communication as its (law) defining feature. L. Petraźycki not only actually recognizes the possibility of a common understanding, but also interprets the behavior of another person as a text admitting that the text has a general, that is “objective” (in fact, intersubjective) meaning. But this is only possible if the subjective semantic context corresponds to the objective semantic context, i.e. if there is a general meaning of the text and interaction resulting from it. Thus, normativity is a communicative condition for the existence of the law.

Keywords:

psychological theory of law, communicative approach, Petersburg school of the philosophy of law, imperative and attributive emotions, intersubjectivity, general meaning

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Author Biography

Andrey V. Polyakov, St. Petersburg State University

doctor of legal sciences, professor

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