Lawyers and revolution: legal ethos in the history of the Juridical Council in 1917

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu25.2018.106

Abstract

The following article considers the history of the Juridical Council of the Provisional Government from a biographical methodological perspective. The Juridical Council was established in March 1917 after the February Revolution in the system of the Provisional Government as a governmental body of legal expertise. The paper provides a summary of biographical information about lawyers of the Juridical Council (Vasily Maklakov, Fyodor Kokoshkin, Nikolay Lazarevsky, Vladimir Nabokov, Moisey Adzhemov and Baron Boris Nolde), their origin, education, political career, professional and academic interests. Most of lawyers in the Council were descendants of noble Moscow and St. Petersburg families and belonged to big city intelligentsia circles. They graduated from Moscow University and St. Petersburg University in 1890s during golden era of Russian legal university education and their views concerning law, government, liberalism, parliamentarism and public role of legal profession were formed under a great influence of liberal professorate and in the atmosphere, when a university seemed to be the most liberal institute of the conservative era. The analysis of biographical information leads to a conclusion that lawyers of the Council developed a new legal ethos, the characteristic feature of which was the adherence to the ideology of rule of law and civil society.

Keywords:

liberal, lawyer, professorate, Constitutional Democratic Party, the Provisional Government, the Juridical Council, legal ethos

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
 

References

References

Billington J. H. The Intelligentsia and the Religion of Humanity. The American Historical Review, 1960, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 807–821

Bratoliubova M. V. [M. S. Adzhemov — a Representative of «the Second Echelon» of the Liberal Movement]. Armiane iuga Rossii: istoriia, kul’tura, obshchee budushchee [Armenians of the South of Russia: history, culture, common future]. Rostov-na-Donu, 2012, pp. 324–329. (In Russian)

Burbank J. Discipline and Punish in Moscow Bar Association. The Russian Review, 1995, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 44–64.

Burbank J. Legal Culture, Citizenship, and Peasant Jurisprudence: Perspectives from the Early Twentieth Century. Reforming Justice in Russia, 1864–1996: Power, Culture and the Limits of Legal Order. Armonk, New York, 1997, pp. 82–106.

Burbank J. Thinking Like an Empire: Estate, Law and Rights in the Early Twentieth Century. Russian Empire: Space, People, Power, 1700–1930. Bloomington, Indianapolis, 2007, pp. 196–217.

Durkheim E. The Division of Labor in Society. New York, 1964.

Golubeva M. I. [Legal Culture]. Ocherki russkoi kul’tury. Konets XIX — nachalo XX veka [Essays on Russian culture. End of the XX — early XX century]. Vol. 2. Moscow, 2011, pp. 202–277. (In Russian)

Haimson L. The Parties and the State: The Evolution of Political Attitudes. The Transformation of Russian Society. Cambridge, MA, 1969.

Holquist P. Dilemmas of a Progressive Administrator: Baron Boris Nolde. Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 2006, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 241–273.

Holquist P. Making war, Forging Revolution: Russia’s Continuum of Crisis, 1914– 1921. Cambridge, MA, 2002.

Ivanov A. E. Studenchestvo Rossii kontsa XIX — nachala XX veka: sotsial’noistoricheskaia sud’ba [Students in Russia in the late XIX — early XX: Social and Historical Destiny]. Moscow, 1999. (In Russian)

Keller S. Beyond the Ruling Class. New York, 1963.

Kollmann N. By Honor Bound: State and Society in Early Modern Russia. Ithaca, London, 1999.

Korkunov N. M. Istoriia filosofii prava [The History of Legal Philosophy]. St. Petersburg, 1908. (In Russian)

Maklakov V. A. Iz vospominanii. Uroki zhizni [From Memories. Life Lessons]. Moscow, 2011. (In Russian)

Neverov E. D. Nikolai Lazarevskii v 1917 g.: teoretik gosudarstvennogo prava na sluzhbe Vremennogo pravitel’stva [Nikolai Lazarevsky in 1917: a State Law Theorist serving the Provisional Government]. Grazhdanskoe obshchestvo v Rossii i za rubezhom [Civil society in Russia and abroad], 2017, no. 4, pp. 33–36. (In Russian)

Neverov E. D., Tumanova A. S. Iuridicheskoe soveshchanie pri Vremennom pravitel’stve: pravovye osnovaniia i soderzhanie deiatel’nosti [The Juridical Council of the Provisional Government: Legal basis and Activity Content]. Pamiatniki prava Vremennogo pravitel’stva [Monuments of law of the Provisional Government]. Vol. XXI. Moscow, 2016, pp. 41–50 (In Russian)

Nolde B. E. Dalekoe i blizkoe [Far and near]. Paris, 1930. (In Russian)

Politicheskie deiateli Rossii 1917. Biograficheskii slovar’ [Russian Politicians 1917. Biographical Dictionary]. Moscow, 1993. (In Russian)

Pollard A. P. The Russian Intelligentsia: The Mind of Russia. California Slavic Studies, 1964, vol. 3, pp. 1–32.

Pomeranz W. ‘Profession or Estate’? The Case of the Russian Pre-Revolutionary ‘Advokatura’. The Slavonic and East European Review, 1999, vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 240–268.

Shelohaev V. V. Kokoshkin Fedor Fedorovich. Rossiiskii liberalizm serediny XVIII — nachala XX veka [Russian liberalism of the middle of the XVII — the beginning of the twentieth century]. Moscow, 2010, pp. 432–435. (In Russian)

Shevyrin V. M. [Vasily Alekseevich Maklakov: “Happiness and well-being of a person would tell us the right direction of the society development”]. Rossiiskii liberalizm: idei i liudi [Russian Liberalism: Ideas and People]. Moscow, 2007, pp. 699–707. (In Russian)

Solov’ev K. A. [Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov: “The executive power should obey the legislative power]. Rossiiskii liberalism: idei i liudi [Russian Liberalism: Ideas and People]. Moscow, 2007, pp. 690–699. (In Russian)

Solov’ev K. A. Kruzhok «Beseda»: V poiskakh novoi politicheskoi real’nosti, 1899– 1905 [Club “Beseda”: In Search of a New Political Reality, 1899–1905]. Moscow, 2009. (In Russian)

Solov’ev K. A. Lazarevskii Nikolai Ivanovich. Rossiiskii liberalizm serediny XVIII — nachala XX veka [Russian liberalism of the middle of the XVII — the beginning of the twentieth century]. Moscow, 2010, pp. 514–515. (In Russian)

Tomsinov V. A. [Legal Culture]. Ocherki russkoi kul’tury XIX veka [Essays on Russian culture of the twentieth century]. Vol. 2. Moscow, 2000, pp. 102–167. (In Russian)

Tomsinov V. A. Rossiiskie pravovedy XVIII–XX vekov: ocherki zhizni i tvorchestva [Russian Lawyers XVIII–XX: Essays on Biography and Legacy]. Vol. 2. Moscow, 2007. (In Russian)

Tumanova A. S. Pravovaia kul’tura obshchestva pozdneimperskoi Rossii v rakurse istoriko-iuridicheskikh issledovanii: podkhody poslednikh let [Legal Culture of Late Imperial Russia’s Society from the Perspective of Historical and Legal Research: Approaches of Recent Years]. Vestnik Rossiiskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriia: Iuridicheskie nauki [Bulletin of the Russian University of Peoples’ Friendship. Series: Juridical sciences], 2014, no. 4, pp. 33–40. (In Russian)

Vishniak M. V. B. E. Nolde. Novyi zhurnal [New magazine], 1948, no. 19, pp. 279–289. (In Russian)

Wartenweiler D. Civil Society and Academic Debate in Russia 1905–1914. Oxford, 1999.

Wortman R. S. Vlastiteli i sudii: Razvitie pravovogo soznaniia v imperatorskoi Rossii [The Development of a Russian Legal Consciousness]. Moscow, 2004. (In Russian)

Downloads

Published

01.02.2018

How to Cite

Neverov, E. D. (2018). Lawyers and revolution: legal ethos in the history of the Juridical Council in 1917. Pravovedenie, 62(1), 118–127. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu25.2018.106

Issue

Section

History of law nd state