Семиотика права: проблемы определения основных концептов и выбора парадигмы

Наталья Францевна Ковкель

Авторы

Наталья Францевна Ковкель Белорусский государственный экономический университет

Аннотация

В статье анализируется уровень развития современной семиотики права и констатируется отсутствие в ней общепризнанных научных концептов и единой парадигмы. Вводятся и определяются следующие основные концепты семиотики права: правовой знак, правовая знаковая система, базисный знак правовой знаковой системы, правовая семиосфера и правовой семиозис. Правовой знак определяется как нечто, обозначающее или кодирующее объекты правовой реальности (материальной или идеальной) в целях их описания, нахождения или для обработки и получения новой правовой информации. Под правовой знаковой системой предлагается понимать совокупность правовых знаков, функционирующих в соответствии с правилами, приданными или имманентно присущими данной системе. Проводится классификация правовых знаков и знаковых систем, основанная на критерии абстрактности их базисного знака. Она позволяет выделить следующие виды правовых знаков и знаковых систем: естественные, образные, действия, языковые, записи и кодовые. Предлагается новая парадигма семиотики права, позволяющая переориентировать ее с исключительно сциентистских основ на исследование культурного контекста посредством развития прагматического анализа процессов порождения, передачи и интерпретации правовых знаков и знаковых систем. Для развития прагматического анализа особое значение имеют концепты правовой семиосферы и правового семиозиса. Концепт правовой семиосферы определяется как континуум, в котором функционируют правовые знаки и знаковые системы, реализуются правовые коммуникативные процессы и создается правовая информация. Под правовым семиозисом понимается деятельность, связанная с созданием и функционированием правовых знаков и знаковых систем. С целью прагматического исследования правового семиозиса разрабатывается общая семиотическая модель правовой коммуникации, на основании которой могут быть построены и иные семиотические конструкции правовой деятельности: правотворческие, правосистематизационные, правоинтерпретационные, правоприменительные и др.

Ключевые слова:

семиотика права, основные концепты семиотики права, правовой знак, правовая знаковая система, правовая семиосфера, правовой семиозис, парадигма семиотики права

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Биография автора

Наталья Францевна Ковкель , Белорусский государственный экономический университет

кандидат юридических наук, доцент

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