Каузальный мотив и его юридическое значение в договорном праве

Авторы

  • Дарья Сергеевна Петрова частнопрактикующий юрист

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2020.304

Аннотация

В статье анализируется проблематика мотивов вступления в договор и их юридического значения. Автор последовательно исследует вопрос о влиянии ошибки в мотиве на судьбу сделки в немецком праве, а равно в российской правовой системе. В немецком праве ошибка в свойствах лица или вещи рассматривается отдельными учеными как ошибка в мотиве, что свидетельствует о наличии у такой ошибки в мотиве правого значения. В российском праве, кроме ошибки в предмете, в качестве ошибки в мотиве выступает заблуждение в отношении обстоятельства, которое сторона упоминает в своем волеизъявлении или из наличия которого она с очевидностью для другой стороны исходит, совершая сделку. Также в статье анализируются ситуации последующего неосуществления мотива сквозь призму национальных (немецкой и российской) доктрин влияния последующего изменения обстоятельств на судьбу сделки. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что критерием, который позволяет отграничить юридически значимый мотив от мотивов, не имеющих правового значения, выступает признак каузальности мотива. Каузальность мотива предполагает, что такой мотив послужил ключевым фактором, предопределившим решение заинтересованной стороны вступить в договор. Именно ошибка в каузальном мотиве или его последующее неосуществление отражаются на динамике заключенного договора и могут повлечь эффективное оспаривание или прекращение (изменение) договора соответственно. Автор также проводит сравнительный анализ последствий неосуществления мотива в континентальном праве с английской доктриной frustration of purpose (доктриной отпадения цели договора). В английском праве неосуществление мотива в рамках данной концепции приводит к автоматическому прекращению договора. На основе проведенного исследования автор заключает, что общим для континентального и английского права критерием, придающим юридическое значение ошибке в мотиве или неосуществлению последнего, является признак каузальности мотива.

Ключевые слова:

договор, договорные обязательства, мотив, заблуждение, ошибка в мотиве, изменение обстоятельств, прекращение договора, изменение договора

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Загрузки

Опубликован

2020-12-30

Как цитировать

Петрова, . Д. С. (2020). Каузальный мотив и его юридическое значение в договорном праве. Правоведение, 64(3), 373–399. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2020.304