Право, исключение, кризис: диалектика взаимосвязей

Roman Z.  Rouvinsky

Authors

Roman Z. Rouvinsky Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration — Nizhny Novgorod Institute of Management https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9114-1786

Abstract

The article examines the dialectical correlations of law and different exceptional situations, of a legal order and social crises. The author distinguishes between two aspects of normalization as a modus operandi of law: on the one hand, the law depends on a regularity of social relations and, on the other hand, it designates limits of agents’ behavior and establishes the consequences for violation of such limits. The author comes to the conclusion that the law is inseparably connected with a normal, expected social situation at the same time being a tool of responding to certain negative and anti-social phenomena which fall out of the normal process of everyday life (for example, a conflict which seems to be something negative from the sociological point of view, is an ordinary situation from the legal viewpoint). Having analyzed exceptions in the law, the author asserts that the exception is subjected to the rule and is included in the normativity field to a certain extent. Developing this idea, the author distinguishes between the exceptions that may be overcome by ordinary means of a legal system (such as a legal responsibility mechanism, state coercion, analogia legis and analogia juris, subsidiary law enforcement) and the exceptions as situations which are either not stipulated by the existing legal norms and institutions or go beyond the capacities of the ordinary legal means. Characterizing the latter as crisis situations in the law, the author describes them as actual states which may cause considerable risks of deformation or destruction of the existing legal order, social relations, violation of its logics and structure, as well as system interrelations between its constituent elements.

Keywords:

norm, normativity, rule, legal system, legal order, regularity, emergency situation, functions of law

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Roman Z. Rouvinsky, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration — Nizhny Novgorod Institute of Management

candidate of legal sciences, associate professor of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure

References

Dmitriyevskiy S.M., Gvareli B.I., Chelysheva O.A. Mezhdunarodnyi tribunal dlia Chechni: pravovye perspektivy privlecheniia k individual’noi ugolovnoi otvetstvennosti lits, podozrevaemykh v sovershenii voennykh prestuplenii i prestuplenii protiv chelovechnosti v khode vooruzhennogo konflikta v Chechenskoi Respublike: v 2 t. T.1 [International Tribunal for Chechnya: Prospects of Bringing to Justice Individuals Suspected of War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity During the Armed Conflict in the Chechen Republic, vol. 1]. Nizhniy Novgorod, The Nizhny Novgorod Foundation to Support Tolerance Publ., 2009. 530 p. (In Russian)

Engels F. [The Housing Question]. Marx K., Engels F. Soch. [Writings]. Vol.18. Moscow, Gospolitizdat, 1961, pp. 203–284. (In Russian)

Gross O., Ní Aoláin F. Law in Times of Crisis. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2006. 516 p.

Heuschling L. Qu’est-ce que, en droit, une “exception”? La norme et ses exceptions: Quels défis pour la règle de droit? Sous la direction de Marthe Fatin-Rouge Stéfanini, Ariane Vidal-Naquet. Bruxelles, Bruylant Publ., 2014, pp. 45–85.

Ilyin I.A. O sushchnosti pravosoznaniia [On the Essence of Legal Consciousness]. Moscow, Rarog Publ., 1993. 235 p. (In Russian)

Kant E. [Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason]. Kant E. Soch. v 8 t. T.6 [Writings, vol. 6]. Moscow, Choro Publ., 1994, pp. 5–223. (In Russian)

Kapustin M. N. Teoriia prava (Iuridicheskaia dogmatika). T. 1. Obshchaia dogmatika [Theory of Law (Juridical Dogmatics)]. Vol.1. General Dogmatics. Moscow, University typography, 1868. 390 p. (In Russian)

Kelsen H. Chistoe uchenie o prave [Pure Theory of Law]. 2nd ed. Transl. by M. V. Antonov and S.V.Loesov. St. Petersburg, Alef-Press Publishing House, 2015. 542 p. (In Russian)

[Laws of Hammurabi, the Babylonian King]. Istoriia Drevnego Vostoka. Teksty i dokumenty: ucheb. posobie [History of the Ancient East. Texts and Documents: Tutorial. Ed. by V. I. Kuzishchin. Moscow, Higher School Publ., 2002, pp. 167–190. (In Russian)

Le Coustumer J.-C. La norme et l’exception. Réflexions sur les rapports du droit avec la réalité. Cahiers de la recherche sur les droits fondamentaux, 2007, no. 6, pp. 19–28.

Lenin V.I. Gosudarstvo i revoliutsiia. Uchenie marksizma o gosudarstve i zadachi proletariata v revoliutsii [The State and Revolution. The Marxist Theory of the State and The Tasks of the Proletariat in the Revolution. Moscow, Political Literature Publ., 1969. 203 p. (In Russian)

Muravyev I.A. Zakonodatel’noe iskliuchenie (teoriia, praktika, tekhnika). Avtoref. dis. k. iu. n. [A Legislative Exception (Theory, Practice, Technics). Thesis of PhD dis.]. Nizhniy Novgorod, 2009. 33 p. (In Russian)

Pamparacuatro Martín J. En torno a la crisis del derecho. Revista de Derecho Político, 2015, no. 92, pp. 165–194.

Rousseau J.-J. [The Social Contract, or Principles of Political Right]. Rousseau J.-J. Ob Obshchestvennom dogovore: Traktaty [The Social Contract: Treatises]. Transl. by A. Khayutin, V. Alekseyev-Popov. Moscow, TERRA–Knizhnyy klub, KANON-press-C, 2000, pp. 195–322. (In Russian)

Schauer F. Exceptions. The University of Chicago Law Review, 1991, vol.58, no.3, pp. 871–899.

Schmitt C. [Political Theology: Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty]. Schmitt C. Politicheskaia teologiia: sb. [Political Theology. Collection of Works]. Moscow. KANON-press-C, 2000, pp. 7–98. (In Russian)

Schmitt C. Diktatura. Ot istokov sovremennoi idei suvereniteta do proletarskoi klassovoi bor’by [Dictatorship. Diktatura. From the Origins of the Contemporary Sov- ereignty Idea to the Proletarian Class Struggle]. Transl. by Yu.Yu.Korinets; ed. by D. V. Kuznitsyn. St. Petersburg. Nauka Publ., 2005. 326 p. (In Russian)

Sorokin P.A. Sotsial’naia i kul’turnaia dinamika [Social and Cultural Dynamics]. Transl. by V. V. Sapov. Moscow, Astrel Publ., 2006. 1176 p. (In Russian)

Sumenkov S.Yu. Norma prava kak vyrazhenie iuridicheskikh iskliuchenii [Legal Norms as an Expression of Juridical Exceptions]. Rossiiskii iuridicheskii zhurnal [Russian Juridical Journal], 2009, no. 2, pp. 17–21. (In Russian)

Tolstik V.A. Pravovoi totalitarizm: strategiia parvotvorchestva ili dvizhenie po inertsii? [Legal Totalitarianism: Strategy of Lawmaking or an Inertial Motion?]. Iuridicheskaia tekhnika [Juridical Technics], 2015, no. 9, pp. 759–763. (In Russian)

Trubetskoy E.N. Lektsii po entsiklopedii prava [Lections on the Encyclopaedia of Law]. Moscow, A. I. Mamontov Typography, 1917. 227 p. (In Russian)

Vlasenko N.A. Krizis prava: problemy i podkhody k resheniiu [The Crisis of Law: Problems and Solution Approaches]. Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava [Journal of Russian Law], 2013, no. 8, pp. 43–54. (In Russian)

Weber M. [Politics as a Vocation]. Weber M. Izbrannoe: Protestantskaia etika i dukh kapitalizma [Selected Works: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism]. Moscow, St. Petersburg. Humane initiatives center, University book, 2014, pp. 485–528. (In Russian)